GIS-Based Spatial Optimization Framework for Defense Industrial Planning and Logistics Accessibility in Indonesia

Abstract

Global geopolitical developments, particularly in the Middle East, indicate a significant transformation in modern warfare, which is no longer dominated by conventional weaponry but by the integration of artificial intelligence, information warfare, and asymmetric weapon systems such as naval and aerial mines. In this context, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become increasingly important to support strategic analysis and defense industrial policy formulation at both national and global levels. This study aims to analyze the impact of global geopolitical dynamics on the urgency of defense industrial independence in Indonesia using a geospatial approach, and to identify patterns of industrial distribution and strategic vulnerabilities based on GIS. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive case study design of the defense industry in Indonesia. Data analysis follows the Creswell model, integrated with geospatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Qualitative data were processed using NVivo to identify key policy themes, while spatial analysis was applied to map the distribution of defense industries, logistics networks, and regional disparities through location-allocation and spatial clustering approaches. Indonesia’s defense industry remains dependent on imported spare parts and is concentrated on Java Island, resulting in spatial inequality and logistical vulnerabilities. GIS analysis reveals a mismatch between industrial locations and strategic operational areas, particularly in eastern Indonesia. This condition weakens national resilience due to limited logistics independence, high supply chain disruption risks, uneven industrial development, delayed defense responses, and limited regional economic impact. Indonesia’s defense industrial independence remains insufficient in addressing global geopolitical dynamics and technology-driven warfare. Integrating geoinformatics into defense industrial policy is essential to enhance distribution efficiency, reduce regional disparities, and strengthen national resilience. Policymakers should promote geospatial-based strategies to achieve industrial independence, improve deterrence capability, and reinforce Indonesia’s position in the global geopolitical landscape.