Enhanced Multi-Scale Malaysian Shipyard Mapping Using Artificial Intelligence-Driven Cartographic Optimization

Abstract

Malaysia’s rich maritime history and its well-established shipbuilding and ship repair (SBSR) industry have significantly contributed to national economic growth. The Association of Marine Industries of Malaysia (AMIM), the sole representative of SBSR and related marine industry players, recognises shortcomings in existing shipyard location maps. Current maps often lack key cartographic elements such as representative scales, scale bars, and effective legends, making it difficult to interpret spatial relationships and facility locations accurately. This study aims to develop an improved and more effective Malaysian shipyard location map by applying proper cartographic design principles, particularly focusing on appropriate scaling techniques. The objectives are threefold: to identify a suitable map scale, to design and produce a new shipyard facility map, and to evaluate the map’s usability. Focusing on Peninsular Malaysia and the coastal regions of East Malaysia, the study employed GIS software for spatial data processing and vector drawing software for cartographic design. In addition, advanced AI algorithms were utilised to automate symbol placement, correct label ambiguities, generalise spatial features across multiple scales, and support real-time data integration, resulting in a map that is both visually clear and dynamically updatable. Two map prototypes, namely Map A and Map B, were produced at different scales and design layouts. A map usability test, distributed via an online platform, gathered feedback from both general users and AMIM representatives. Map B was chosen based on clarity, legibility, and overall usability. The results demonstrate that cartographic scan, thoughtful design and AI-driven optimisation can substantially improve spatial communication in marine infrastructure maps. Challenges, such as symbol overlap and limitations in base map customisation, were noted but addressed. This research successfully meets its objectives and offers practical recommendations, including the integration of real-time data updates, to enhance future map usability and support AMIM’s operational and strategic planning needs.