Spatial Modeling of Tidal Flood Hazard and Mitigation Efforts in the Coastal Area of Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia

Abstract

Tidal flooding represents a natural phenomenon that presents a significant risk to coastal regions in Indonesia. It occurs when sea tides inundate an area with a topography that is below sea level, such as Bandar Lampung City's coastal areas. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of tidal floods in these regions, it is essential to develop a comprehensive model of the tidal flood hazard, coupled with effective mitigation strategies. In order to evaluate the potential for tidal flooding, inundation modelling was conducted using the minimum height of tidal flooding (10 cm), the value of the low tide level (43 cm), and the highest tide during full moon conditions (160 cm) with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The ArcGIS software was employed to create a model of inundation through the use of the raster calculator tool, resulting in the generation of a map that delineates the extent of tidal flood hazard levels and the areas that would be affected. The modeling analysis indicates that the tidal flood hazard affects an area of 172.95 hectares. The land uses most susceptible to impact are shrubs and settlements. Panjang Sub-district experienced the most extensive inundation area due to its residential, industrial, trade, and port activities in the 160 cm inundation scenario. In order to mitigate the risk of tidal flooding, various measures can be implemented, such as raising house floors, constructing multi-storey houses, implementing residential conservation, and developing mitigation plans through spatial planning and control strategies. The level of tidal flood hazard, existing adaptation and mitigation measures, and characteristics of tidal flooding can be used as a reference in the formulation of coastal management strategies to mitigate the impact of tidal flooding in coastal regions.